Weber’s Universe | One Force. 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W

Weber’s Universe

TheoryForcesParticlesConstantsPredictionsRead Paper

● Independent Research · Sweden · 2026

Weber’s UniverseOne Force. One Field.

A unified framework combining Wilhelm Weber’s velocity-dependent electrodynamics, a variable speed of light, and quantum mechanics — explaining all fundamental forces through a single electromagnetic principle.

Weber’s Force Law

F = (q₁q₂)/(4πε₀r²) × [ 1 − ṙ²/2c(t)² + r·r̈/c(t)² ]

where c(t) is the dynamical speed-of-light scalar field

Explore the TheoryExperimental Predictions

4→1

Forces unified

c(t)

Dynamic light speed

α(t)

Fine structure varies

e

Only true constant

The Framework

A Simpler Story for the Same Universe

Rather than adding invisible scaffolding — colour charge, gluons, dark energy, inflaton fields — this framework asks whether existing entities have been described with sufficient generality.

⚡

01

Weber’s Electrodynamics

Wilhelm Weber (1804–1891) showed that the force between charged particles depends on their relative velocity and acceleration — not just distance. This richer law predicts nuclear-scale attraction without invoking new particles.

●

02

Variable Speed of Light

Promoting c to a dynamical scalar field c(t, φ) resolves the horizon problem, explains fine-structure constant drift in quasar spectra, and serves as the c-wave — the physical carrier of quantum probability amplitudes.

Ψ

03

Quantum Mechanics Reinterpreted

Quantum uncertainty need not be irreducible mystery. In a fluctuating c-field, every charged particle sits in a trembling electromagnetic environment. The probability cloud is a statistical description of deterministic motion.

Historical Background

1785

Coulomb’s Law

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb establishes the inverse-square law for electrostatic force — distance only.

1845

Fechner’s Hypothesis

Gustav Fechner proposes that currents consist of equal positive and negative charges moving in opposite directions — the seed of Weber’s insight.

1846

Weber’s Force Law

Wilhelm Weber publishes his velocity- and acceleration-dependent force law, unifying electrostatics and Ampère’s induction law in a single formula.

1856

Weber–Kohlrausch Constant

Weber and Kohlrausch measure the ratio c_W = c√2 — the first derivation of the speed of light from pure electrical measurements, predating Maxwell by years.

1864

Maxwell’s Equations

Maxwell independently derives c from electromagnetic constants — but in a field-based framework that abandons Weber’s action-at-a-distance approach.

1937

Dirac’s Large Numbers

Paul Dirac notes that the ratio of electromagnetic to gravitational force (~10⁴⁰) matches cosmic age ratios — suggesting G and other ‘constants’ evolve with the universe.

1993

VSL Cosmology

John Moffat proposes a variable speed of light to solve the horizon problem without inflation. Magueijo and Albrecht extend this in 1998–1999.

2026

Weber-VSL Unification

This framework: Weber’s law + c(t) scalar field + quantum reinterpretation = a single unified description of all four fundamental forces.

by the Weber attractive regime (sub-femtometre). The net charge is zero but the residual Weber interaction gives the strong nuclear binding.